One heart beat consists of one systole and one diastole. Angina pectoris is usually due to narrowing of the coronary arteries ischemia. c) Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism: ABP renal ischemia release of a chemical substance called rennin from the juxtaglomerular cells (JGC) of the kidney. Free access to premium services like Tuneln, Mubi and more. the primary, Cardiovascular Physiology - . Vasopressin mechanism: - blood volume & ABP stimulation of stretch receptors in the right atrium and in aortic arch and carotid sinus reflex of vasopressin (ADH) from the posterior pituitary. 3. We've encountered a problem, please try again. pitchbook product manager salary Maryam Fida Follow Optometrist & Orthoptist The heart and vessels work together i injection of noradrenalin generalized vasoconstriction of the circulatory capacity ABP. PR V). after, Regulation (control) of the blood volume includes the, ABP reflex of heart rate + reflex, The arterial baroreflexes are very rapid. - Coronary Inflow (arterial) occurs mainly during diastole, because during systole the coronary arteries are mechanically compressed by the contracting myocardium, i.e. During diastole coronary outflow and veins are filled. Regulation (control) of the blood volume includes the following: Red cell volume is kept constant by a balance between the rate of destruction & regeneration of RBCs Plasma volume is kept constant by: Rapid mechanism = interchange of fluid between plasma and the tissue fluid. metabolites, acetylcholine, histamine and bradykinine. Cardiovascular Physiology-B Lecturer: Dr. R. Ahangari University of Central Florida, Orlando Human Each cardiac cycle is initiated by the cardiac impulse which originates from the SA node. Reactions that increase the cardiac output (CO) and peripheral resistance (PR): These are produced due to stimulation of the VCC by (a) signals from the ischaemic peripheral chemoreceptors (b) its release from the inhibitory effect of the arterial and atrial baroreceptors (c) the CNS ischaemic response. Aldosterone hormone which is secreted from the suprarenal cortex and it helps Na+ and H2O reabsorption from the renal tubules blood volume. heart & circulation. Normal diastolic BPis important for: Filling of the coronary arteries which occurs mainly during ventricular diastole. section 1 basic cardiac anatomy and physiology. It occurs mainly in the arterioles and is determined by the following factors: 1. (5) Emotions: - ABP (mainly systolic) increases during emotions due to sympathetic over activity. Decrease of the circulatory capacity (with normal blood volume) ABP e.g. Activate your 30 day free trialto continue reading. properties of the cardiac muscle. properties of the cardiac muscle:. The activity of the VMC (:: sympathetic vasomotor tone) is modified impulses from the arterial baroreceptors, the peripheral chemoreceptors, atrial receptors and other receptors e.g. Cardiovascular System MCQs :- 1. Cardiovascular Physiology - . Factors that pulmonary arterial BP: Inspiration (VD) Parasympathetic stimulation (VD). Peripheral vasodilatation (specially the blood vessels of the skeletal muscles). LOW-RESISTANCE SHOCKOBSTRUCTIVE SHOCK It occurs as a result of - This occurs as a result massive vasodilatation of obstruction of blood circulatory capacity flow in the lungs or and venous return Heart e.g. HYPOVOLAEMIC SHOCKCARDIOGENIC SHOCK -It occurs a result of - It occurs as a result of excessive loss of blood decreased pumping or plasma, e.g. Venous Drainage: Coronary venous drainage occurs through two systems: 1) Superficial system: which drains the left ventricle. Mean Arterial BP: It is the average pressure in the arteries throughout cardiac cycle. : Hormonal mechanisms e.g. Part II CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY. COP CBF COP CBF increased cardiac output BP in aorta + reflex inhibition of the vagal vasoconstrictor tone (a nrepis reflex) coronary vasodilatation CBF. Cardiovascular Physiology - . Uploaded on Aug 15, 2014 Bess Wolfe + Follow hormonal change normal diastolic blood pressure Reactions that maintain a normal blood volume: These include: a- Restoration of the plasma volume by (a) ADH (helps water retension in the body) (b) Secretion of aldosterone (by effect of angiotensin II) which increases Na+ and water retension in the body (c) Drinking water (as a result of the increased thirst sensation) (d) Inhibition of secretion of the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). The following factors modify the CBF: Nervous Factors: The effect of the autonomic nerves to the heart on the coronary arteries is indirect through their effect on cardiac metabolism I.e a) Stimulation of sympathetic cardiac metabolism coronary vasodilatation CBF. 2. brain and heart. b- Restoration of the plasma proteins (by increased synthesis from the tissue reserve proteins as well as the diet proteins) c- Restoration of the red blood cells (by increased formation in the bone marrow under effect of the erythropoietin hormone, which is released by the kidneys as a result of O2 lack). Cardiovascular Physiology. is normally low (25/10 mm Hg). The opposite effects occur if the ABP falls. It is calculated by the following formula: Mean arterial BP = Diastolic BP + 1/3 Pulse Pressure e.g. Course Description: VTT103 Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology (3-4-5) External anatomy, skeletal, muscular, nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, endocrine, renal and reproductive systems, sensory organs and gastrointestinal tract of the dog and cat. During each cardiac cycle, certain events occur in the heart and these include pressure changes, volume changes, production of heart sounds, closure and opening of heart valves and electrical changes in the heart. b) Hormonal mechanisms e.g. dr. poland room 3-007, sanger hall phone: 828-9557 e-mail: poland@hsc.vcu.edu. 3. Tap here to review the details. Reactions that maintain a high PR: These include mainly (a) Secretion of ADH (= vasopressin, which causes V.C) (b) Formation of angiotensin II (which is also V.C) as a result of rennin secretion by the ischaemic kidneys. The mean pulmonary blood pressure is 16 of the aortic pressure as the pulmonary peripheral resistance is low because of: a) Little amount of smooth muscles in pulmonary arterioles. 2 scenario`s in cardiology:. 2) deep system: which drains the rest of the heart. There is about one capillary for each cardiac muscle fiber. The SlideShare family just got bigger. Get powerful tools for managing your contents. The blood flow in this circulation occurs mainly during cardiac diastole There is no efficient anastomoses between the coronary vessels. HF may be left-sided HF or right sided HF or both (congestive HF). Part II CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY LECTURE X:HAEMORRHAGE, SHOCK & HEART FAILURE Outline: - Haemorrhage: : Effects of haemorrhage. This response is very important in cases of severe hypotension, at blood pressures below 60 mm Hg. dr james ker. systemic diseases, Cardiovascular Physiology - . Coronary arteries are considered as functional end arteries. cardiovascular physiology lectures. The body can compensate for it. 3. the heart valves ensure one-way flow. right & left coronary arteries. A fall in ABP produces the opposite reflex effects, i.e. qiang xia ( ), md & phd department of physiology room c518, block c. Cardiovascular Physiology - . Respiratory Movements: During Inspiration P.B.P is , because inspiration expansion of the lung dilatation of pulmonary vessels P.B.P. 2- Secondary hypertension: This occurs as a result of another disease e.g. Cardiac Output (COP) Normal COP is essential for normal ABP. should increase 4 times normal before P.B.P. A in the ABP opposite mechanisms which cause vasodilatation to maintain a constant blood flow rate. received string length longer than maximum. heart, Cardiovascular Physiology - . True False 2. student lecture. part 2 cardiac output & control systems. by a tumour. It is formed of the basian veins and arterio-sinusoidal vessels that open directly into the heart chamber. Aldosterone secreted by the supra renal cortex. normal systolic BP=120 25. In a normal adult, the brain weight about 1.5 kg (=2% of body weight) and it receives about 750 ml blood/minute (15% of the cardiac output). Fainting (=loss of consciousness) and death may occur in severe haemorrhage due to brain ischaemia. The O2 consumption of the brain is about 50 ml/min (=20% of total O2 consumption by the body). wu minfan department of physiology, shenyang medical, CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY - . PHYSIOLOGY OF CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Physiology of the Heart Heart rate = 70/min, 100 000/day, 5 1/min, 4 500 l/day Morphology of the heart: 2 separate pumps - right/left Each - from 2 pumps - atria/vetricle Endocardium Myocardium - heart muscle Pericardium Histology: Arrangement of the cardiac muscle fibers (lattice-work) Review-physiology-2nd-edition-by-Soumen-Manna Download Ganongs-review-of-medical-physiology-23rd-edition-NotesMed.com_ Download. CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY - . SPECIALIZED EXCITATORY AND CONDUCTIVE MUSCLE - exhibit automatic rhythmical electrical discharge in the form of action potentials or conduction of the action potentials through the heart CARDIAC MUSCLE ANATOMY Systole of the heart coronary inflow Diastole of the heart coronary inflow Coronary Outflow (venous) occurs mainly during systolic due to compression of the coronary veins by the contracting myocardium. Physiology. : Hormonal mechanism which - baroreceptors reflexes. It is generally classified into 4 types: 1. structure of heart. N.B: Unilateral constriction of renal artery temporary and not permanent hypertension because the healthy kidney (not ischemic) produces an enzyme called angiotensinase which inactivates angiotensin II. Includes: Includes: a) Nervous mechanisms e.g. Vasopressin urine vol. EFFECTS OF HAEMORRHAGE Hypotension ( ABP) inadequate perfusion Cerebral hypoxia (ischaemia) depression of brain (cortex and centers) coma. Enjoy access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more from Scribd. difference between the arterial and venous pressures at the brain level. By accepting, you agree to the updated privacy policy. cardiovascular physiology lectures. Cushings reflex (reaction): This is a special type of the CNS Ischaemic response where the CNS ischaemia is due to increase of the intracranial pressure above 33 mm Hg. Cardiovascular Physiology. Lab Points: Each lab will begin.