Here is multiple ways to define multi line string variable in shell. in between the commands you want to get separate outputs. I'll show you various actual examples to concatenate strings in bash. Three string values are assigned in the variables . But you can still declare variables in Bash. The command gets its name from the word "concatenate" because it has, among other things, the ability to concatenate files.. Every "-" consumes one line. cat file1 file2 file3 > newfile. Below are several examples: Examples to Append Data to […] I'll show you various actual examples to concatenate strings in bash. Put Variables Side By Side. Path.Combine Method (System.IO) | Microsoft Docs sed can also replace text globally and selectively in a file. Now we want to use the echo command, either on the command-line or in a bash script, to add this line: Line 3. in a separate line at the end of the file. Methods of Bash Split String. In general, here is the syntax of passing multiple arguments to any bash script: script.sh arg1 arg2 arg3 …. Here is an example with the date command:. Bash Concatenate String. [SOLVED] concatenate two files with a new line character ... Why Combine Multiple Commands? The echo Command Add a Newline Character using echo command in Bash. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input. > newline > sed can be used to print the content of file . Python String Concatenation - Linux Hint date +"Year: %Y, Month: %m, Day: %d" >> file.txt. Another way to avoid adding a new line with 'echo' is to combine it with the 'printf' command. I never typed the bold . The script above will print. We use the date command to show or set the system date and time. Follow this answer to receive notifications. join() is another useful method of Python for combining strings. Create a python file with the following script to check the use of the join() method. Follow edited Jan 6 '16 at 0:30. The second argument will be referenced by the $2 variable, the third argument is referenced by $3, .. etc. The traditional way of using paste command with "-s" option. There is always a last new line character. Linux Cat Command. Assigning concatenated strings. Below is a simple example to use newline character in bash shell scripts. In this example I have created an array with some values, I will iterate over these values and then join them together with a new line character at the end. Split by single character. As you are running from inside a shell script, just add echo after each awk command i.e. It can be used to display the content of a file, copy content from one file to another, concatenate the contents of multiple files, display the line number, display $ at the end of the line, etc. Here is how you assign strings in Bash: Answer (1 of 3): * Some expression is missing a closing brace. $ paste - - -d, < file USA,442 India,249 UK,50. You can also check our guide about comparing strings. However, xargs does not automatically include files which contain blank spaces in their names. 3. Since our input data are in the input.txt file, we should redirect the file to . Overview In this tutorial, we'll see the different ways in which we can combine and execute multiple Linux commands efficiently. Microsoft Word 2007 or later (Ribbon) In the Word Ribbon, click the Insert tab, click the down arrow next to Object, and select the Text from File option, as shown below.. How to concatenate strings in Bash Shell? echo adds a newline. Create a New File. [duplicate] Ask Question Asked 10 years, 1 month ago. 7. Method 1: Combine Multiline with \n like below and echo with -e option That has the advantage of e.g. I am using the unix pr command to combine multiple text files into one text file:. The simplest and easy to understand way to concatenate string is writing the variables side by side. Julien Carsique . The cat Command. Hey, thanks for this! Concatenating string variables is one of the most fundamental operations in Bash scripting. So, to enable the echo command to interpret the new line character, we should use the -e option: . We need to use the redirection operators with the "cat" command. Here's another way to do this: Two "-" consumes two lines, and -d to join them using comma. In this article, we'll go through a few easy ways to use this command to write text to a file with examples. H ow do I append current date (mm_dd_yyyy format) to a filename (e.g., backup_mm_dd_yyyy.sql) under Linux and UNIX like operating systems? 1. Obviously, replace the file names in the above example with your own. In this topic, we have explained how to add or concatenate strings in Bash Shell Scripting. line1 from file3. In this example, I'll assume that we have a file example.txt with the following content: Line 1 Line 2. The cat command by default will concatenate and print out multiple files to the standard output. For example, $1 and $2 variable are used to read first and second command line arguments. The command to do this is: Here is how you assign strings in Bash: "-d" in paste can take multiple delimiters. -s make paste concatenate all of the lines of each file in command line order. In Linux if you type cat *, you will get something like this: line1 from file1. Hit return and you should see the numbers on the same line. Share. This article will show you how to append a string (or any data) to the end of a file under Linux/Unix. For example: awk ' {print $1 $2}' file.txt echo awk ' {print $3, $4}' file.txt. in between the commands you want to get separate outputs. The most frequently used command to concatenate files in Linux is probably cat, whose name comes from concatenate. pr -F *files > newfile Each file is a different length, a different number of lines. 2967. It is considered to be one of the most frequently used commands. [/edit] Cheers, Tink. Example 3: Concatenate two CSV files in Linux with awk (including headers) Third example shows how to merge two and more files by using the command awk. The delimiters specified here are comma and a newline . You don't know the file names and you want to do it automatically you can use windows command line. The command syntax follows the form: cat [options] [files] In the next sections, we'll dig deeper into the command and the options we can use. your example the file 1.txt has no new-line after the B. The cat Command. By default, string value is separated by space. Create a file named ' concat3.sh ' and add the following code to check the use of shorthand operator. Hi all.. Improve this answer. In one of my shell script I am using following lines to get the spool file (i.e. In this tutorial, you will learn two different ways of concatenating strings in Bash: Place two or more than two strings adjacent to each other. In this article, the usage of this command in Bash in Linux Mint 20 is explained with some examples. 2. I never did much bash scripting and was trying to figure out how to parse an array from a bash RC file into a Perl variable. Create a file named " command_line.sh " and add the following script. Another way of concatenating string data in bash is by using shorthand (+=) operator. First, we'll examine the most common commands like echo, printf, and cat.Second, we'll take a look at the tee command, a lesser-known but useful Bash utility. Select the file you want to merge into the current document and click Insert.Once completed, the text and other information from the document will be merged into the current document. Thank you As a work-around you could do the following. The -t option will remove the trailing newlines from each line.After that, we have a variable ARRAY containing three elements.. String Concatenation using join() method. Note: This solution requires the input file to have a new line at the end of the file or it will drop the last line. Combine several text files into a single file in Unix. tee is a command-line utility in Linux that reads from the standard input and writes . The most frequently used command to concatenate files in Linux is probably cat, whose name comes from concatenate. The combined contents of the three text files will appear in your terminal. Assigning concatenated strings. a good boy. How to concatenate string variables in Bash. This answer is not useful. Show activity on this post. To make a new file in Bash, you normally use > for redirection, but to append to an existing file, you would use >>.Take a look at the examples below to see how it works. # cat /etc/exports # cat shares.txt # cat shares.txt >> /etc/exports # cat /etc/exports Uses of \n in Bash \n (Line Feed) is used as a newline character for Unix based systems. -d'\n' make paste used newline as delimiter. RELATED: Become a Linux Terminal Power User With These 8 Tricks. Create test1.txt and test2.txt, which you can use as sample files to test out the other commands. This is a byte with a value of 0x0a in hexadecimal and ten in decimal. Hi All, Just need small help in resolving the special new line character in generated output file. How to append to file in Bash. In your bash/shell scripting experience you may face scenario where you need to define multi line string variable. Shell Script to Concatenate Two Strings Brief: This example will help you to concatenate two or more strings variable in a bash script. When you write the "echo" command without attaching any argument, it prints a blank line. sfile.txt) and AAA_XXXX_p111_n222.txt AAA_YYYY_p111_n222.txt Here assuming v_pnum="p111" v_nid="n222" . Thanked 4,623 Times in 4,217 Posts. How do I append date to filename? Solution 1 Using Copy command for text files Open Command Line On keyboard press: WINDOWS + R type cmd Press echo -e "\n" >> 1.txt. 2. Therefore, if path2 includes white space (for example, " \file.txt "), the Combine method appends path2 to path1 instead of returning only path2. * Some string is missing a quote or has one too many quotes. In the following example, the additional file system shares to be appended in the /etc/exports configuration file are added in a text file called shares.txt. The readarray is a Bash built-in command.It was introduced in Bash ver.4. If you wanted them to be separated by spaces instead of nothing, you could do this: Replace file1, file2, and file3 with the names of the files you wish to combine, in the order you want them to appear in the combined document. > newline > sed can be used to replace text in a file. If you want to add any particular string value at the time of concatenating the strings then you will require to use join() method for concatenation. Last edited by Tinkster; 09-01-2010 at 11:21 PM. Active 3 years, 3 months ago. Improve this answer. #!/bin/bash. I have a small Bash script that takes all Markdown files of a directory, and merge them into one like this: for f in *.md; do (cat "${f}";) >> output.md; done It works well. You can redirect the standard output to a file using the '>' operator to save the output to disk or file system. 1. Split And Combine Files From Command Line In Linux. To include those files too, use the -print0 option for find, and the -0 option for xargs: Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too. How to concatenate all lines from a file in Bash? > sed is a command line utility in Linux which replaces text. -b, --before attach the separator before instead of after -r, --regex interpret the separator as a regular expression -s, --separator=STRING use STRING as the separator instead of newline --help display this help and exit In the Linux environment, we are able to merge or concatenate the multiple files into a single concatenated file. You can append the output of any command to a file. We'll be using Bash for our examples, so there could be slight differences with other shells. We shall learn about the syntax of if statement and get a thorough understanding of it with the help of examples. # Read a string with spaces using for loop. If the file we specify doesn't already exist, it will be created for us. There are no data types in Bash like you have in most programming languages. For example, to join the lines. Tikz - Randomly fill 3D grid with color shades . When I try wc -l the file name,the number of lines coming is 3 only, however blank space is there in the file. readarray -t ARRAY < input.txt. Example 2 - new line. If all files have headers the command will take only 1 header from one file. . The cat command is a Unix tool used for manipulating and displaying file contents. 7. Something like this: That's the job for paste: paste -sd'\n' file1 file2. You can use the same operator += to append strings with new line character, although printing the output would require certain extra handling. Bash provides string operations. Note: Using -a still creates the file mentioned. It is one of the common requirement for any programming language. To merge files line by line, you can use the paste command. There are no data types in Bash like you have in most programming languages. You can simply write all the variable one after another: [sh] #!/bin/bash # Shell . From man tee: Copy standard input to each FILE, and also to standard output. The list of files is then piped to xargs, which uses the rm command to delete them.. We'll be using Bash for our examples, so there could be slight differences with other shells. 2. Improve this answer. Typically, though, you'll probably want to combine those text files into another text file, not just print the results to the screen. From man tee: Copy standard input to each FILE, and also to standard output. In Bash script, how to join multiple lines from a file? The rest of the data will be appended to the end of the file. Code: # Concatenate many files, strip out newlines to make one line, write to file cat *.txt | tr -d '\n' > file # Add final newline to the newline-less line echo >> file. How can I append a current date from a variable to a filename under Linux or Unix bash shell? line2 from file3. Trailing newlines in non-empty files are a common UNIX idiom. The first example is a general way to concatenate variables of string. echo -e "First Line" | tee ~/output.log echo -e "Second Line" | tee -a ~/output.log ^^. Executing commands one after the other in a command line is a regular […] For loop will split the string into words and print each word by adding a newline. require or disallow newline at the end of files (eol-last) The --fix option on the command line can automatically fix some of the problems reported by this rule.. The $0 variable contains the name of your bash script in case you were . In this tutorial, we're going to explore several ways to append one or more lines to a file in Linux using Bash commands. 3. Bash has IFS as a reserved internal variable to recognize word boundaries. The example above demonstrates using the find command to find all files with the .sh extension. As you are running from inside a shell script, just add echo after each awk command i.e. Split files in Linux from command line. The command syntax follows the form: cat [options] [files] In the next sections, we'll dig deeper into the command and the options we can use. After reading this tutorial, you should have a good understanding of how to concatenate strings in Bash. You can also use the cat command to concatenate text from one or more files and append it to another file.. The command is: What are the colors of the colleges in Strixhaven: A Curriculum of Chaos? Follow this answer to receive notifications. -a, --append append to the given FILEs, do not overwrite. Use one of followings examples. In bash scripting, we can add or join two or more strings together, which is known as string concatenation. Introduction. Open a terminal window and create the first file: cat >test1.txt. Simply use the operator in the format data_to_append >> filename and you're done. Benefits of trailing newlines include the ability to concatenate or append to files as well as output files to the terminal without interfering with shell prompts. This answer is not useful. Two argument values read by the following script and prints the total number of arguments and the argument values as output. Sample output: 1.1G Linux Security.mp4 I am mostly happy with the result, I like that it includes the name of the original text file followed by the contents of that file. It just goes through its input and makes changes according to what you specify in two sets ('n' ' ' in this case, we change each newline to a space), -s is . RELATED: Become a Linux Terminal Power User With These 8 Tricks. Hence, we would first need to assign IFS as a recognizable character as per the requirement to do the split. Problem If you need to concatenate 100 text files in one folder. 2. @KeithThompson yes, command substitution removes all trailing newlines from the output. Given below are the methods mentioned: 1. 1. Appending is done very simply by using the append redirect operator >>. Examples to Implement Linux Concatenate Files. Note: Using -a still creates the file mentioned. To combine several text files into a single file in Unix, use the cat command:. The combined contents of the three text files will appear in your terminal. Bash IF Bash IF statement is used for conditional branching in the sequential flow of execution of statements. Further we can show the current date and time in the given FORMAT. Using 2 text files: Code: $ cat file1 1 2 3 $ cat file2 a b c $ hexdump -c file1 0000000 1 \n 2 \n 3 \n 0000006 $ hexdump -c file2 0000000 a \n b \n c \n 0000006 $ cat file1 file2 > file3 $ hexdump -c file3 0000000 1 \n 2 \n 3 \n a \n b \n c \n 000000c. The echo command is one of the most commonly used Linux commands for printing to standard output: $ echo "test statement \n to separate sentences" test statement \n to separate sentences. Show activity on this post. The problem is not with the process but with the data; in. 1. Type a simple . You are missing something. The 'cat' command is the most universal and powerful tool. Share. String in double quote: echo -e "This is First Line \nThis is Second Line" String in single quote: echo -e 'This is First Line \nThis is Second Line' You can pass more than one argument to your bash script. Overview In this tutorial, we'll see the different ways in which we can combine and execute multiple Linux commands efficiently. This command is very frequently used for viewing, creating, and appending files in Linux. Echo with Printf Command in Bash. I am using cat *.txt > concat.txt, but I would like to add a new line between each file so to distinguish them in concat.txt. Is it possible to do it with a single bash command rather than an implementation such as this? a good boy. When appending to a file using a redirection, be careful not to use the > operator to overwrite an important existing file.. Append to a File using the tee Command #. In Linux and Unix, the newline character, also called a linefeed, is used as the end of line indicator. Why Combine Multiple Commands? Lets us discuss examples of Linux Concatenate Files. -a, --append append to the given FILEs, do not overwrite. Share. Show activity on this post. In this tutorial we will look how to add or concatenate strings in Linux bash. By default, the variable IFS is set to whitespace. To append some text to the end of a file, you can use echo and redirect the output to be appended to a file. First, let us see how to split a big file inti multiple smaller files. line2 from file1. Replace newfile with a name for your newly combined single file. Different operating systems use different byte values to indicate the end of a line. I have a bunch of files with the same extension (let's say .txt) and I would like to concatenate them. But you can still declare variables in Bash. Echo newline in Bash prints literal \n. 247. . echo adds a newline. * An if has no fi * A for or while or select has no do and done * A case has no esac * A semicolon is needed between statements * An expression is not spaced or delim. We can use different operations like remove, find or concatenate strings in bash. #!/bin/bash. This answer is not useful. This tutorial helps you with multiple shell script examples of concatenating strings in a shell script. Then thought maybe bash should do the work instead, and your examples helped a lot. bash$ touch .hidden-file bash$ ls -l total 10 -rw-r--r-- 1 bozo 4034 Jul 18 22:04 data1.addressbook -rw-r--r-- 1 bozo 4602 May 25 13:58 data1.addressbook.bak -rw-r--r-- 1 bozo 877 Dec 17 2000 employment.addressbook bash$ ls -al total 14 drwxrwxr-x 2 bozo bozo 1024 Aug 29 20:54 ./ drwx----- 52 bozo bozo 3072 Aug 29 20:51 ../ -rw-r--r-- 1 bozo bozo 4034 Jul 18 22:04 data1.addressbook -rw-r--r . You can use tr command, something like: tr -s 'n' ' ' < file.txt. For example: awk ' {print $1 $2}' file.txt echo awk ' {print $3, $4}' file.txt. Syntax of if statement A simple If statement comparing strings if statement comparing numbers If expression with AND Condition If expression with OR Condition If . line1 from file2. You can create new files and add content to them using the cat command. However, here are some of the simplest methods to do this: Example 1 - new line with echo command. 2. Share. Here, the shorthand operator, ' +=' is used inside a 'for' loop to combine the elements of a list. This command is the horizontal equivalent to the cat command, which prints the content of the two files vertically.. Let's say that we have two files, file_1 and file_2: We can merge these two files with the paste command: Create a bash file named ' for_list1.sh ' and add the following script. Executing commands one after the other in a command line is a regular […] Example #1 - Linux Concatenate Files. $ du -h Linux\ Security.mp4. I have a text file which looks like below: abcd efgh ijkl (blank space) I need to remove only the last (blank space) from the file. By default, the corresponding lines of each file are separated with tabs. What I would like is to display a separator among files. Have a look at the size of the following video file. echo -e "First Line" | tee ~/output.log echo -e "Second Line" | tee -a ~/output.log ^^. sed -e '/utility/a newline'-e '/^\s*$/d' example.txt > sed is a great utility for file processing in Linux. line3 from file3. Concatenate strings using new line character. echo "$(date) something" stripping away the trailing newline from date's output, making that echo output the date and "something" on the same line. Did INI files work in a different way on Windows 3.x than today? Improve this answer. 2. The cursor moves to a new line where you can add the wanted text. Follow this answer to receive notifications. The readarray reads lines from the standard input into an array variable: ARRAY.. 2. The "cat" command in Bash stands for "concatenate". If you have any questions or feedback, feel free to leave a comment. If you need to store a file or command output "as is", use mapfile (help mapfile), read -rd '' or a while read-loop. A string value with spaces is used within for loop. By default, echo considers \n as a regular part of the input string. I started out writing a long parser hack, but trying to support array entries with spaces was a big headache. Typically, though, you'll probably want to combine those text files into another text file, not just print the results to the screen. The parameters are not parsed if they have white space. Obviously, replace the file names in the above example with your own. 1. paste command can take standard input. There are quite a couple of ways to insert a new line in a shell script. , creating, and appending files in Linux | Baeldung on Linux < /a > concatenate strings in Bash literal... File 1.txt has no new-line after the B some of the lines each! From inside a shell script I am using following lines to get separate outputs should redirect the file.! Color shades the above example with your own, although printing the output require... 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General way to concatenate files in Linux Mint 20 is explained with some examples way using! Option will remove the trailing newlines from each line.After that, we can use Windows command line order all. A line the most frequently used command to concatenate string is writing the variables side by.. Scripting, we can add the wanted text from one file, printing... Or feedback, feel free to leave a comment the split and selectively in a different number of and. Ask Ubuntu < /a > Problem if you need to concatenate string is writing the side. If you have any questions or feedback, feel free to leave a comment no new-line the... Linux Hint < /a > split and Combine files from command line in Linux which replaces text multiple! And the argument values Read by the $ 0 variable contains the name of your Bash script, add... ; and add content to them using the append redirect operator & gt newfile..., although printing the output would require certain extra handling would require certain handling. After another: [ sh ] #! /bin/bash # shell | Microsoft Docs < /a > Problem you! Writing a long parser hack, but trying to support array entries with spaces using for loop will split string. Will take only 1 header from one file be using Bash bash concatenate files with newline our examples so. Concatenated file argument will be appended to the end of the colleges Strixhaven! If the file to string is missing a quote or has one too many quotes about the of! We should use the same operator += to append tee to a file named & quot ; &. With a value of 0x0a in hexadecimal and ten in decimal will the! Paste command with & quot ; option very simply by using the cat command between the commands you to. The split delimiters specified here are some of the input string concatenate the multiple into. //Www.Unix.Com/Shell-Programming-And-Scripting/188811-How-Check-Newline-Character-File.Html '' > Path.Combine method ( System.IO ) | Microsoft Docs < >. Example 1 - new line with echo command to concatenate strings in Linux ; - quot... & lt ; file USA,442 India,249 UK,50 the third argument is referenced by $ 3,.. etc traditional of... Do the split: example 1 - new line character Copy standard into! //Www.Baeldung.Com/Linux/Concatenating-Files '' > how to add or concatenate strings | Linuxize < >! Script and prints the total number of arguments and the argument values Read by the 2. ; 1.txt & quot ; consumes two lines, and -d to join using!, whose name comes from concatenate named & quot ; consumes one line do not overwrite: [ ]! Linux that reads from the standard input into an array variable: array into words and print multiple!, and -d to join multiple lines from the standard input and writes parser hack but. Look at the size of the three text files into a single file... N as a regular part of the most frequently used command to them... Last edited by Tinkster ; 09-01-2010 bash concatenate files with newline 11:21 PM to standard output to Bash concatenate add. Note: using -a still creates the file mentioned differences with other shells following video file echo & quot cat. Corresponding lines of each file is a byte with a value of in! Newline & gt ; & gt ; & bash concatenate files with newline 92 ; n & quot echo... Started out writing a long parser hack, but trying to support array entries with using. Files & gt ; 1.txt x27 ; ll be using Bash for our,... Single Bash command rather than an implementation such as this 09-01-2010 at 11:21 PM append. Argument is referenced by the following script INI files work in a shell script, how to Bash concatenate add! Colleges in Strixhaven: a Curriculum of Chaos | TechieRoop < /a bash concatenate files with newline! Scripting, we are able to merge or concatenate strings in Bash concatenate files in.... Extra handling from concatenate are no data types in Bash data are in the given files, do not.! Given files, do not overwrite script in case you were after:... ; echo & quot ; - & quot ; v_nid= & quot ; replace with..., 1 month ago p111 & quot ; command in Bash will remove the trailing newlines non-empty... ; re done understanding of it with the & # 92 ; &! ; 16 at 0:30 ten in decimal: a Curriculum of Chaos understand way to concatenate strings in is... Don & # x27 ; command without attaching any argument, it prints a blank line value. Piped to bash concatenate files with newline, which is known as string concatenation in Bash Read a string value is by! There are no data types in Bash shell, echo considers & x27... Time in the Linux environment, we have explained how to join multiple from... The simplest and easy to understand way to concatenate 100 text files into a single file in Unix use! Terminal Power User with These 8 Tricks feedback, feel free to leave a comment header... From one file of lines simply write all the variable one after another: [ sh ] #! #. Replace text in a file easy to understand way to concatenate variables of.! Include files which contain blank spaces in their names awk command i.e script: script.sh arg1 arg2 arg3 … manipulating! Script to check newline character in file | Baeldung on Linux < /a > 1 ; 1.txt am... Also replace text globally and selectively in a file in Unix < >... Argument is referenced by the following script and prints the total number of arguments and the argument values output... Examples helped a lot is used within for loop will split the string into words and print out files! Redirect the bash concatenate files with newline names in the above example with the & quot ; command files. In Bash script in case you were a general way to concatenate string is writing the variables side by.. Was a big headache piped to xargs, which you can add or concatenate strings using new with... Redirect operator & gt ; 1.txt the traditional way of using paste command with & ;... Thorough understanding of it with the help of examples and Combine files from bash concatenate files with newline! Newfile each file, and -d to join multiple lines from a file the command take! Standard output consumes two lines, and your examples helped a lot short options too text and. -H Linux & # x27 ; t know the file names in Linux. & gt ; test1.txt case you were with These 8 Tricks the colleges Strixhaven. Options too it possible to do it automatically you can simply write all the variable IFS is to. Under Linux or Unix Bash shell Scripting variable in shell ; t exist! The requirement to do it with a value of 0x0a in hexadecimal and ten in.. Out the other commands will be created for us following lines to get the spool file i.e... Very simply by using the cat command by default, echo considers & # 92 ; n #... No data types in Bash Scripting, we would first need to concatenate variables of string new-line. No data types in Bash prints literal & # 92 ; n as a recognizable character as per the to... Method ( System.IO ) | Microsoft Docs < /a > 2 among files implementation such this. As per the requirement to do the work instead, and -d to join multiple lines from a variable containing! Assuming v_pnum= & quot ; command without attaching any argument, it will be referenced by the $ 0 contains... Lines to get separate outputs the cat command: x27 ; make paste concatenate of! Linux Mint 20 is explained with some examples general way to concatenate files in Linux is probably cat whose... Creates the file we specify doesn & # 92 ; n. 247. https: ''. Several text files into a single concatenated file the string into words and print multiple... Each awk command i.e as delimiter in Linux Mint 20 is explained with some examples have... ; consumes two lines, and also to standard output cat, whose name comes from concatenate to display separator!